Complications of mastectomy for gynecomastia include the following:
- Hematoma (most common; see images below)
- Breast asymmetry
- Nipple or areola necrosis
- Nipple or areola inversion
- Infection
- Sensory changes
- Painful scar
- Contour deformity
- Conspicuous scar
- Skin redundancy
- Seroma
- Hyperinflamatory pigmentation
A postoperative hematoma is shown below.
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| Forty-five-year-old man with adolescent gynecomastia. Courtesy of Miguel Delgado, MD. | Postoperative hematoma. The most common complication in the coauthor's practice. Courtesy of Miguel Delgado, MD. | Patient seen 2 months after evacuation of hematoma. If the hematoma is treated appropriately (ie, immediately removed), there will be no long-term ill effects. Courtesy of Miguel Delgado, MD. |
